The present volume summarizes present research on type 2 diabetes, its etiology, pathogenesis and long-term vascular and neurological repercussions, with special focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Modifications in insulin secretion are comprehensively dealt with, focusing on the function of glucokinase as glucose sensor. Furthermore, insulin action is analyzed with regard to both nonoxidative glucose usage and glucose oxidation. Worrying the problems in chronic diabetes, topics covered include the results of high glucose concentration on cellular and endothelial functions and on the glucose phosphorylation rate in non-insulin-sensitive tissues. The role of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products as well as the significance of changes in lipoprotein structure are considered. Finally, the pericyte loss in retinopathy and microalbuminuria as associated to cardiovascular risk are discussed. Taken as an entire, the contributions consisted of in this book represent a big body of info that will be of great interest to diabetologists, endocrinologists and internists interested in both the basic and clinical elements of diabetes and its problems.
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